Therapeutic ornithology is conceptualized as a structured nature-based intervention that utilizes focused visual and auditory engagement with wild birds to enhance mental health. This paper proposes a hypothesis-generating neuropsychological framework in which a deliberate sequence of natural environments guides participants through three phases of psychological processing: (1) redirection of attention away from internally focused, ruminative thought toward external stimuli, (2) stabilization of attention and sustained present-moment engagement, and (3) reflective, non-ruminative self-referential processing and integration. We suggest that distinct landscape types may differentially support these processes, with open environments characterized by birds moving freely across space from multiple directions, forested settings supporting sustained external focus with birds that are difficult to detect visually and are primarily perceived through their vocalizations, and aesthetically valued semi-open landscapes enabling reflective processing, with birds that are present in a relatively stationary manner and are not easily disturbed or flushed. The proposed model is informed by observational data from therapeutic sessions and is situated within current literature on large-scale brain networks implicated in attention and self-referential processing, including the dorsal and ventral attention networks and the default mode network. The framework advances the hypothesis that structured exposure to natural environments may contribute to reductions in maladaptive rumination and improvements in attentional and affective regulation, processes relevant to common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The model is intended to guide future empirical research and to inform the development of scalable, nature-based mental health interventions.