Finding a golden mean in the context of eating control mechanisms: restrictive and uncontrolled eating styles clusters and comparing them in relation to other selected eating behaviours and body mass index among Polish women during COVID-19
 
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1
Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
 
2
Department of Medical Anthropology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
3
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
These authors had equal contribution to this work
 
 
Submission date: 2024-08-07
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-12-07
 
 
Publication date: 2025-07-11
 
 
Corresponding author
Justyna Modrzejewska   

Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
 
 
Arch Psych Psych 2025;27(2)
 
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ABSTRACT
Aim of the study:
Referring to the occurrence of the binge-restrict cycle, it was hypothesized that Polish women with highly restrictive and highly uncontrolled eating styles have significantly greater maladaptive eating behaviours (emotional eating in relation to positive and negative emotions), lower adaptive eating behaviours (mindful eating) and higher body mass index than those with low levels of these eating styles during COVID-19.

Subject or material and methods:
Participants (N = 710 women; Mage = 26.17 ± 9.00) completed: the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale, the Mindful Eating Scale, and our sociodemographic survey.

Results:
The four clusters were labelled and characterized, as follows: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 115): highly restrictive and highly uncontrolled eating style, (b) Cluster 2 (N = 203): low restrictive and highly uncontrolled eating styles, (c) Cluster 3 (N = 236): highly restrictive and low uncontrolled eating style, (d) Cluster 4 (N = 156): low restrictive and low uncontrolled eating styles. It turned out that women with highly restrictive and highly uncontrolled eating styles (Cluster 1) have significantly greater maladaptive eating behaviours such as emotional eating in relation to negative emotions), lower adaptive eating behaviours as mindful eating and higher body mass index than those with low levels of these eating styles (Cluster 4).

Discussion:
To sum up, the results obtained in three out of four comparisons are consistent with the assumed hypothesis (the result inconsistent with the hypothesis was obtained only in relation to emotional eating in relation to positive emotions – Cluster 1 and 4 did not differ statistically significantly).

Conclusions:
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eISSN:2083-828X
ISSN:1509-2046
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